水系统管理Water system management

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从CaCO3的结晶过程看，如能投加某些药剂，破坏其结晶增长，就可达到控制水垢形成的目的

                               
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From the crystallization process of CaCO3, if certain chemicals can be added to disrupt its crystal growth, the goal of controlling scale formation can be achieved

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A、细菌中的产黏泥细菌是冷却水中最多的有害细菌，在水中它产生一种胶状、黏性的附着力较强的沉积物，这一些沉积物覆盖金属表面，降低了冷却效果，又阻止了阻垢剂和缓蚀剂在金属表面的阻垢、缓蚀作用，形成了沉积物下腐蚀（垢下腐蚀）。细菌中的铁沉积细菌在含铁的水中生长，覆盖在钢铁表面，形成氧浓差腐蚀电池，还从钢铁表面的阳极区除去亚铁离子，使钢铁加快腐蚀。其它还有产硫化细菌、产酸细菌、硫杆菌，将都是腐蚀的原因。

B、真菌，如霉菌、酵母二种，它们能吸附在木质、水池壁和换热器上，使药剂与金属表面无法接触而失效，并能产生沉积物下的腐蚀。

C、藻类在向阳面将大量繁殖，形成团状或悬浮在水中、或覆盖在金属表面。换热器中其沉积物的垢下腐蚀，将严重威胁着目标换热器，因此控制微生物是水处理过程中的一个重要环节。

采用杀生剂。这是控制水系统中微生物生长量有效和常用的方法，杀生剂又称杀菌灭藻剂、杀微生物剂或杀菌剂：能控制水中的微生物腐蚀和微生物粘泥的产生

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Microbial control

The third issue in the treatment of circulating cooling water, besides solving corrosion control and scaling control, is the control of microorganisms in the water.

A、 The slime producing bacteria among bacteria are the most harmful bacteria in cooling water. In water, they produce a gel like, sticky sediment with strong adhesion, which covers the metal surface, reduces the cooling effect, and prevents the scale and corrosion inhibitors from inhibiting the scale and corrosion on the metal surface, forming corrosion under the sediment (corrosion under the scale). Iron deposition bacteria in bacteria grow in iron containing water, covering the surface of steel, forming an oxygen concentration corrosion battery. They also remove ferrous ions from the anode area of the steel surface, accelerating the corrosion of the steel. Other causes of corrosion include sulfur producing bacteria, acid producing bacteria, and sulfur producing bacteria.

B、 Fungi, such as mold and yeast, can adsorb on wood, pool walls, and heat exchangers, preventing contact between chemicals and metal surfaces and causing corrosion under sediment.

C、 Algae will multiply in large numbers on the sunny side, forming clusters or suspended in water, or covering metal surfaces. The corrosion of sediment under the scale in the heat exchanger will seriously threaten the target heat exchanger, so controlling microorganisms is an important link in the water treatment process.

Using biocides. This is an effective and commonly used method for controlling the growth of microorganisms in water systems. Biocides, also known as bactericides, algicides, or fungicides, can control microbial corrosion and the production of microbial sludge in water

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一个循环水系统在开始使用时，须进行清洗。

因为设备和管道在安装过程中难免有一些微生物及生物粘泥、空气尘埃物、少许水垢及部分腐蚀产物，这些杂质如不清扫、冲洗干净，将会影响设备运行，加速悬浮物的沉积

                               
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A circulating water system needs to be cleaned when starting to use.

Because during the installation process of equipment and pipelines, it is inevitable to have some microorganisms and biological sludge, air dust, a small amount of scale, and some corrosion products. If these impurities are not cleaned and rinsed thoroughly, they will affect the operation of the equipment and accelerate the deposition of suspended solids