目标管理 Management by Objectives

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目标管理（Management by Objectives, MBO） 是一种系统化的管理方法，其核心思想是：通过共同设定目标、明确责任、定期评估，实现组织与个人的协同发展。

它强调“参与式管理”，让员工从“被动执行”转向“主动负责”

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Management by Objectives (MBO) is a systematic management approach. The core idea is to achieve collaborative development between organizations and individuals through common goal setting, clear responsibilities, and regular evaluations.

It emphasizes "participatory management" and shifts employees from "passive execution" to "active responsibility"

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目标管理的核心理念

✅ “先定目标，再谈执行；目标对齐，责任到人；结果导向，持续反馈。”

四大核心原则：

• 共同参与：目标不是上级“压”下来的，而是上下级共同协商制定。
• 目标对齐：个人/团队目标必须支撑部门和组织战略目标。
• 自我管理：员工在明确目标后，自主规划行动路径。
• 结果评估：以目标达成情况作为绩效考核的主要依据。
  

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The core concept of goal management
✅  Set goals first, then talk about execution; align goals, assign responsibility to individuals; result oriented, continuous feedback

Four core principles:
Joint participation: The goal is not imposed by superiors, but is jointly negotiated and formulated by superiors and subordinates.
Goal alignment: Individual/team goals must support departmental and organizational strategic objectives.
Self management: Employees independently plan their action paths after clarifying their goals.
Result evaluation: The achievement of goals is the main basis for performance evaluation.

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目标设定（Setting Objectives）
SMART原则是基础：
Specific（具体的）：目标清晰明确，
Measurable（可衡量的）：有量化指标，便于跟踪。
Achievable（可实现的）：目标应有挑战性，但不过于激进。
Relevant（相关的）：与组织战略、岗位职责相关。
Time-bound（有时限的）：明确完成时间，

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行动计划制定（Developing Action Plans）

• 将目标分解为具体的任务、步骤、资源需求。
• 明确“谁、在什么时间、做什么、需要什么支持”。
• 工具：甘特图、任务分解结构（WBS）、项目计划表
  

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Developing Action Plans
Break down goals into specific tasks, steps, and resource requirements.
Clearly define 'who, when, what to do, and what support is needed'.
Tools: Gantt chart, Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), Project Schedule

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执行与授权
管理者提供资源支持，授权员工自主决策。
建立信任，避免过度干预。
鼓励员工在过程中主动解决问题

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Execution and Authorization
Managers provide resource support and empower employees to make autonomous decisions.
Establish trust and avoid excessive intervention.
Encourage employees to proactively solve problems during the process

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过程监控与反馈
定期检查进度（如周会、月报）。
及时反馈：肯定进展，指出偏差，提供辅导。
动态调整：如遇外部变化（市场、政策），可协商调整目标或计划。