工业工程（I E-Industrial Engineering）

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一、工业工程（I E-Industrial Engineering）

的内涵与应用

（一）工业工程之定义与内涵

Industrial Engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipment, and energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems.

~ IIE-Institute of Industrial Engineering ~

美国工业工程协会之定义：

工业工程系有关设计、改进及建立包括人员、物料、信息、设备、能源的整合系统；其系利用数学、物理学、社会科学中的专门知识与技术以及工程分析、工程设计的原理与方法，去确立、预测及评估系统之结果。

Contents of Systems designed by Industrial and system engineer＊ Human Activity System

1)  The manufacturing process itself (or processing procedures of a service organization).

2)  Materials.

3)  Machine and equipment.

4)  Methods by which workers perform tasks.

5)  Layout of facilities and specification of material flow.

6)  Material handling equipment and procedures.

7)  Workplace design.

8)  Storage space size and location.

9)  Data recording procedures for management reporting.

10)  Procedures for maintenance and housekeeping.

11)       Safety procedures.

＊ Management Control System

1)  Management planning system.

2)  Forecasting procedures.

3)  Budgeting and economic analyses.

4)  Wage and salary plans.

5)  Incentive plans and other employee relations systems.

6)  Recruiting, training, and other placement of employees.

7)  MRP-Materials requirement planning.

8)  Inventory control procedures.

9)  Production scheduling.

10)  Dispatching.

11)  Progress and status reporting.

12)  Corrective action procedures.

13)  Overall information system.

14)  Quality control system.

15)  Cost control and reduction.

16)  Resources allocation.

17)  Organization design.

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（二）IE 机制建立
(a) 基本业务 (Primary Activities)
(b) 工程业务 (Engineering Activities)
(c) 咨询业务 (Consultation Activities)
An Overview of IE-Industrial Engineering
        (a) Primary
Activities:
System Maintenance        (b) Engineering
Activities:
System Improvement        (c) Consultation
Activities:
System Innovation
Function        ‧Operating efficiency control


‧Cost control        ‧Operating efficiency improvement

‧Cost reduction & cost Prevention        ‧Organizational efficiency improvement

‧Value innovation
Aims        ‧Maintaining efficiency        ‧Improving efficiency        ‧Improving effectiveness & strengthening links with strategies
Tools/Means        ‧Analysis & measurement        ‧Analysis & design        ‧Integral analysis & pooling of knowledge
Activities        ‧Setting tasks/rates and standards based on work study and estimation

‧Providing inputs for setting of targets and for planning & control        ‧Designing new systems and methods



‧Contributing to  meet and reset targets        ‧Linking/integrating systems and methods to organization

‧Linking targets to organizational objectives
Knowledge required        ‧Specific knowledge of operating conditions in particular manufacturing processes.

‧Knowledge of methods of analysis and measurement        ‧Specific in depth knowledge of certain systems or methods (specialist) and/or wide knowledge of systems and techniques in the improvement process (generalist)        ‧General knowledge of industrial operations and of organization and/or ability to integrate and apply knowledge of others
（三）、IE Operating Function & Basic Training
1. 制程设计
‧产品组合分析
‧作业工时分析: 码表测时、评比、RWF
‧Tact Time(T.T.)订定
‧作业人力与工作站需求计算
‧工作站作业内容设计与作业标准工时订定
‧生产线平衡
‧治具、工具、夹具设计
‧工作站布置设计：人因工程学(Ergonomics)、动作经济原则

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2. 流程设计
‧工厂布置(生产区、仓库区、厂房设施、办公室、信道、其它区域):
        SLP-Systematic Layout Planning 、
        SHP-Systematic Handling Planning
‧动线设计(人流、物流)
‧物料传送系统(Materials Transport System)：传送设备、传送人力、传送频率
‧动力传送系统：压缩空气、电力、生产用水、生产用气体、生产用油料
‧厂务设施系统：空调、广播、废气排放、废料处理、接地导电、噪音防治、信号、通讯、网络
3. 标准成本设定
‧产能设定：生产设备/设备工时总需求量与、作业人力/作业工时总需求量
‧预算编列
‧工时费用率订定：机器设备工时、作业员工时、研发工时、其它服务工时
‧技术资料订定：机器设备效率、作业员效率、产品标准工时（机器设备工时、作业员工时） 、产品收成率、产品不良率、工时宽放率、非生产性工时
‧材料标准成本
‧创始成本(Initial Cost)分摊率订定: 研发成本、专用设备成本、专用模具成本

4. 投资决策评估
‧工程经济
‧Decision Calculation

5. 经营管理
‧绩效分析与管制(PAC-Performance Analysis and Control)
‧绩效奖励制度
‧提案(建议案)制度
‧稼动率(操动率)管理
‧PPS-Philips Production System
‧Layout Planning and Material Handling System
‧生产力评估系统

6. 经营管理改善
‧价值分析/价值工程(VA/VE-Value Analysis and Value Engineering)
‧工作分析与改善
‧流程分析与改善
‧Layout/Material Handling分析与改善
‧装配性评估与改善(DFA-Design For Assembly): 人工装配、自动化装配
‧职务分析与改善: 负荷分析、职务分配、工作改善、流程改善
‧组织价值分析(ORVA-Organization Value Analysis)与改善
‧组织结构分析与改善: 组织层级、管理幅度
‧组织气候调查(士气调查)与改善
‧作业研究(O.R.-Operations Research)
‧Supply Chain/Value Chain 分析与改善